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Park River Oak Estates
Homeowners Association

Bylaws, Article VIII

ARTICLE VIII

Board Meetings

[8.1] Section 1. Place of Meetings.

Regular and special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any place within the Properties that has been designated from time to time by resolution of the Board and stated iii the notice of the meeting. In the absence of such designation, regular meetings shall be held at the principal office of the Association. Notwithstanding the above provisions of this Article VIII, Section 1, a regular or special meeting of the Board may be held at any place consented to in writing by all the Board members, either before or after the meeting. If consents are given, they shall be filed with the minutes of the meeting. Any meeting, regular or special, may be held by conference telephone or similar communication equipment, so long as all directors participating in the meeting can hear one another, and all such directors shall be deemed to be present in person at such meeting.

[8.2] Section 2. Annual Meeting of Directors.

Immediately following each annual meeting of Members, the Board of Directors shall hold a regular meeting for the purposes of organization, election of officers, and the transaction of other business. Notice of this meeting shall not be required.

[8.3] Section 3. Other Regular Meetings.

Other regular meetings of the Board shall be held without call at such time as shall from time to time be fixed by the Board of Directors and communicated to the Board members. Ordinarily, regular meetings shall be conducted at least quarterly. However, regular meetings can be held as infrequently as every six months if the Board’s business does not justify more frequent meetings.

Notice of the time and place of regular meetings shall be posted in a prominent place within the Common Area, and shall be communicated to the Board members not less than 72 hours prior to the meeting; provided, however, that notice need not be given to any Board member who has signed a written waiver of notice or consent to holding the meeting as more particularly provided in Article VIII, Section ‘7.

[8.4] Section 4. Special Meetings of the Board.

(a) Who May Call a Special Meeting.

Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called for any purpose at any time by the President or any two Directors.

(b) Notice of Special Meetings.

(i)Manner of Giving.

Notice of the time and place of special meetings of the Board shall be given to each Director by one of the following methods:

(A) by personal delivery of written notice;

(B) by first-class mail, postage prepaid;

(C) by telephone communication, either directly to the director or to a person at the director’s home or office who would reasonably be expected to communicate such notice promptly to the director; or

(D) by telegram, charges prepaid. All such notices shall be given or sent to the Director’s address or telephone number as shown on the records of the Association. Notwithstanding the foregoing, notice of a meeting need not be given to any Director who signed a written waiver of notice or a written consent to holding the meeting or an approval of the minutes thereof as more particularly provided in Article VIII, Section 7.

(ii) Time Requirements.

Notices sent by first-class mail shall be deposited in a United States mailbox at least four days before the time set for the meeting. Notices given by personal delivery, telephone, or telegraph shall be delivered, telephoned, or given to the telegraph company at least 48 hours before the time set for the meeting.

(iii) Notice Contents. The notice shall state the time, place, and purpose of the meeting.

[8.5] Section 5. Attendance by Members.

(a) Meetings Generally Open to Members.

With the exception of executive sessions of the Board (see subparagraph (b), below) and any meetings conducted by conference telephone, all meetings of the Board shall be open to Members of the Association, provided, however, that nondirector Members may participate in deliberations or discussions of the Board only when expressly authorized by a vote of a majority of the directors present at the meeting at which a quorum has been established.

The agenda for board meetings shall include a specific time for Member questions and comments. The chair shall be authorized to impose reasonable time limitations on Member comments.

(b) Executive Sessions.

The Board, on the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors present at a meeting at which a quorum has been established, shall be entitled to adjourn at any time for purposes of reconvening in executive session to discuss litigation in which the Association is or may become a party, personnel matters, or business of a similar nature in which maintenance of the confidentiality of Board deliberations is consistent with the best interests of the corporation and its members.  Before adjourning into executive session, the topic(s) to be discussed in such session shall be announced, in general terms, to the Members in attendance at the meeting. Nothing provided herein shall be construed to obligate the Board to first call an open meeting before meeting in executive session with respect to the matters described above.

[8.6] Section 6. Quorum Requirements.

A majority of the authorized number of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, except to adjourn as provided in Article VIII, Section 8. Every act or decision done or made by a majority of the Directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present shall be regarded as the act of the Board of Directors, subject to the provisions of the California Nonprofit Mutual Benefit Corporation Law, especially those provisions relating to (a) approval of contracts or transactions in which a Director has a direct or indirect material financial interest, (b) appointment of committees, and (c) indemnification of Directors. A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business, notwithstanding the withdrawal of Directors below a quorum, if any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for that meeting, or such greater number as is required by these Bylaws, by the Articles, or by law.

[8.7] Section 7. Waiver of Notice.

Any action taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, however called and noticed or wherever held, shall be as valid as though taken at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if

(a) a quorum is present, and

(b) either before or after the meeting, each of the Directors not present, individually or collectively, signs a written waiver of notice, a consent to holding the meeting, or an approval of the minutes. The waiver of notice or consent need not specify the purpose of the meeting. All waivers, consents, and approvals shall be filed with the Association records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting and shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of the Board. The requirement of notice of a meeting shall also be deemed to have been waived by any Director who attends the meeting without protesting the lack of proper notice either before or at the inception of the meeting.

[8.8] Section 8. Adjournment.

A majority of the Directors present, whether or not constituting a quorum, may adjourn any meeting to another time and place. If the meeting is adjourned for more than 24 hours, notice of adjournment to any other time or place shall be given prior to the time of the adjourned meeting to the Directors who are not present at the time of the adjournment. Except as provided above, notice of adjournment need not be given.

[8.9] Section 9. Action Without a Meeting.

Any action required or permitted to be taken by the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board, individually or collectively, consent in writing to that action. Such action by written consent shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of the Board of Directors. Such written consent or consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board and shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of the Board.

If prompt or immediate action of the Board is necessary and there is insufficient time to comply with the notice requirements set forth herein, reasonable efforts shall nevertheless be made to contact all Board members regarding the proposed action in advance thereof, rather than relying on notification after the fact.

[8.10] Section 10. Compensation.

Directors, Officers, and Members of Committees shall not be entitled to compensation for their services as such, although they may be reimbursed for such actual expenses as may be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors so be just and reasonable. Expenses for which reimbursement is sought shall be supported by a proper receipt or invoice.